WASHINGTON — What’s it going to cost me?
Americans are worried about the fine print in the health-care overhaul, an Associated Press poll says, and those concerns are creating new challenges for President Barack Obama as he tries to overcome doubts in Congress.
Despite a widely shared conviction that major health-care changes are needed, Democratic bills that aim to extend coverage to the uninsured and hold down medical costs get no better than a lukewarm reception in the latest results.
The poll found that 43 percent of Americans oppose the health-care plans being discussed in Congress, while 41 percent are in support. An additional 15 percent remain neutral or undecided.
There has been little change in that broad public sentiment about the overhaul plan from a 40-40 split in an AP poll last month, but not everyone’s opinion is at the same intensity.
Opponents have stronger feelings on the issue than do supporters. Seniors remain more skeptical than younger generations.
The latest survey was conducted by Stanford University with the nonprofit Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
When poll questions were framed broadly, the answers seemed to indicate ample support for Obama’s goals. When required trade-offs were brought into the equation, opinions shifted, sometimes drastically.
In one particularly striking finding, the poll indicated that public support for banning insurance practices that discriminate against those in poor health may not be as solid as it seems.
A ban on denial of coverage because of pre-existing medical problems has long been one of the most popular consumer protections in the health-care debate. About 82 percent said they favored the ban, according to a Pew Research Center poll in October.
In the AP poll, when told that such a ban would probably cause most people to pay more for their health insurance, 43 percent said they would still support doing away with pre-existing condition denials but 31 percent said they would oppose it.
Costs for those with coverage could go up because people in poor health who had been shut out of the insurance pool would now be included, and they would get medical care they could not access before.
“I’m thinking we’d probably pay more because we would probably be paying for those that are not paying. So they got to get the money from somewhere. Basically I see our taxes going up,” said Antoinette Gates, 57, of Atlanta.
The health-care debate is full of such trade-offs. For example, limiting the premiums that insurance companies can charge 50-year-olds means that 20-year-olds have to pay more for coverage.
“These trade-offs really matter,” says Robert Blendon, a professor at the Harvard School of Public Health who follows opinion trends. “The legislation contains a number of features that polls have shown to be popular, but support for the overall legislation is less than might be expected because people are worried there are details about these bills that could raise their families’ costs.”
If the added costs — spread over tens of millions of people — turn out to be small, it probably won’t make much difference, Blendon said. But if they’re significant, Obama could be on shaky ground in the final stretch of his drive to deliver access to health insurance to most Americans.
More than 4 in 5 Americans now have health insurance, and their perceptions about costs will be critical as Obama tries to close the deal. Democrats in the House came together to pass a bill, but in the Senate, Democratic liberals and moderates disagree on core questions.
The poll suggests the public is becoming more attuned to the fact that when it comes to health care, details often make all the difference.
For example, asked if everyone should be required to have at least some health insurance, 67 percent agreed and 27 percent said no.
The responses flipped when people were asked about requiring everybody to carry insurance or face a federal penalty: 64 percent said they would be opposed, while 28 percent favored that.
Both the House and Senate bills would require all Americans to get health insurance, either through an employer, a government program or by buying their own coverage. Subsidies would be provided for low-income people, as well as many middle-class households.
And there would also be a stick, a penalty collected through the income tax system to enforce the coverage mandate.
Among Democrats, only 12 percent oppose the broad goal of requiring insurance. But 50 percent oppose fines to enforce it.
“I think it’s crazy. I think it infringes on our rights as a citizen, forcing us to do these things,” said Eli Fuchs, 26, of Marietta, Ga.
The poll found a similar opinion shift on employer requirements: 73 percent agreed that all companies should be required to give their employees at least some health insurance.
Yet when asked if fines should be used to enforce such a requirement on medium and large companies, support dropped to 52 percent. Most large and medium businesses already provide coverage. Uninsured workers are concentrated in small companies.
“The cost — who’s going to pick up the cost? There’s nobody to help that business out. If they can’t afford to pay for the insurance, then what do they say, you either pay for the insurance or you go out of business?” said Emerson Wilkins, 62, of Powder Springs, Ga.
The poll was based on land line and cell phone interviews with 1,502 adults from Oct. 29 to Nov. 8. It has a margin of error of plus or minus 2.5 percentage points. The interviews were conducted by GfK Roper Public Affairs and Media. Stanford University’s participation was made possible by a grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, a nonpartisan organization that conducts research on the health-care system.
Advice to Congress: Be clear, fair on health care
What would you tell lawmakers about overhauling health care? People participating in discussion groups related to an Associated Press poll of Americans shared the messages they would deliver.
“Just be clear and very straightforward with us. Don’t like try to beat around the bush. We’ve already been demolished with everything that has gone on with our country.”
— Anthony Adorno, 25, of Dumont, N.J.
“I would say please give Americans the health insurance that we deserve as citizens. It should be for everybody and it should be the good coverage, the best coverage that we know we can provide.”
— Karen Harris, 50, Fair Lawn, N.J.
“I would say to make the health care program even across the board for everybody. Make it affordable for everybody.”
— Antoinette Gates, 57, of Atlanta.
“I think first off they just need to face reality that the American public has no confidence in their ability to run anything efficiently. Period. So give it up.”
— Kenneth Collier, of Atlanta.
“I would tell them they have no business sticking their nose in the health care industry, whatsoever. However, I do believe they should be able to offer some sort of incentive to the insurance companies to get their stuff together and to offer more reasonable plans to the public.”
— Kate Kuhn, 20, of Acworth, Ga.
“Just to be fair. I mean, everybody deserves a chance for good coverage regardless of your financial situation.”
— Jeff Anderson, 43, of Burlingame, Calif.
“It’s kind of a national disgrace that not everyone has coverage.”
— Thomas Dillon, 55, of San Bruno, Calif.
“I would like to see everyone have at least basic medical coverage free of charge. And after that, maybe it should be up to you what you can afford.”
— Geraldine Poshkus, 59, of Los Gatos, Calif.
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